The .357 was a collaborative development in the early 1930s based on the .38. It was designed by Elmer Keith, Phillip B. Sharpe, and Colonel D. B. Wesson from Smith & Wesson, and its use has become widespread since its introduction in 1934. The .357 Magnum was best known for its stopping power. The .357 Magnum addresses the …More shooting for the money = more fun. Defense - .357 or .38 is MUCH more appropriate as a defensive cartridge than .44 magnum. .44 mag in a lever gun will have a marginal improvement in actual effectiveness a human sized target (if any) and have a much higher chance of collateral damage.May 31, 2018 · Shirts and patches from Tristar Trading Co: https://alnk.to/6bSTELxOther platforms:Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/PaulHarrellOdysee: https://odysee.com/@paul_H... The .45 Colt and .357 Magnum cartridges are both are made for Handguns.The .45 Colt cartridge has a lower muzzle than the .357 Magnum cartridge by 540 feet per second.The .45 Colt has a larger diameter than the .357 Magnum by 0.095 inches.Lastly, the .45 Colt cartridge has a shorter length than the .357 Magnum …The diameter of a .44 Special cartridge is 0.43 inches (10.922 millimeters). The diameter of a .357 Magnum cartridge is 0.357 inches (9.0678 millimeters). The .44 Special cartridge has a larger diameter than the .357 Magnum cartridge by 0.073 inches. The overall length of a cartridge determines how deep a bullet will sit in a case. Energy. Furthermore, the muzzle energy of a .357 Magnum round averages out to 530 ft-lb, while a .500 S&W Magnum round averages out to about 2300 ft-lb. One way to think about this is as such: a foot-pound is a unit of energy equal to the amount of energy required to raise a weight of one pound a distance of one foot. A four-inch barreled revolver can expect to yield upwards of 1500 feet per second using a 125-grain bullet. In terms of energy foot pounds, the 10mm yields 639 foot pounds of energy. The .357 gives us 625. That is not enough difference to talk about, but what is worth noting is how that energy is transferred.Jun 16, 2023 · I hear a lot of funny stuff about magnum calibers, especially .44 Magnum like ".44 Magnum goes through 10 walls, 10 people and kills innocent people", or "yo... Mar 3, 2024 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Full power .357 Magnum loads provide a snappy, more abrupt recoil sensation than does any factory load fired through the .44 Special. Neither cartridge is too intense when fired through N-Frame revolvers though. Of course revolvers of this size offer more challenges for concealed carry.Surely, you have heard of Tom Selleck at one time or another. Remember the quintessential private inspector Thomas Magnum from the crime drama, Magnum P.I.? What about the charming...The .357 Magnum is a 158 gr SJHP rated at 1,460 FPS and the .44 ... Testing the Winchester Big Bore ammunition in a 10% Clear Ballistics test from 4" revolvers.44 Magnum vs 357 Magnum for Self Defense. ... I found that running the course with full power 357 mag loads thru a 3" Ruger SP101 was the worst. With a larger frame 4" revolver, this round becomes more managable. Running the course with a mild 44 special type load in a 5.5" Redhawk was tough but possible. Running it with any duty …Jun 16, 2023 · I hear a lot of funny stuff about magnum calibers, especially .44 Magnum like ".44 Magnum goes through 10 walls, 10 people and kills innocent people", or "yo... The .357 Magnum vs. the .45 Colt: Quick and low, big and slow. ... The Ruger revolvers took the .45 Colt into new territory allowing, the round to rub elbows with the .44 Magnum.This indicates what we already knew: The 44 magnum is much more powerful than the 357 magnum. When he changes things up to compare the most commonly-used bullet weight for each cartridge, you can really see the difference. 158 grains in the 357 conjured up an average velocity of 1363 fps and 651 foot-pounds of energy, while 240 grains in the 44 gave him 1270 fps and 859 foot-pounds.The .44 Magnum has a muzzle velocity of around 1,400 feet per second. In terms of energy, the .357 Magnum has slightly more energy than the .44 Magnum. When it comes to accuracy, both rounds are quite accurate. However, the .357 Magnum is often considered to be more accurate, and has less recoil, due to its slightly smaller size.Oct 28, 2022 · The 44 Magnum is based on the 44 Special cartridge. Elmer Keith – the same one behind the 357 Magnum – developed the cartridge for hunting after years of handloading 44 Special cartridges with extra powder and heavier bullets. He encouraged major gun companies like Remington and Smith & Wesson to pick up the cartridge. The .44 Magnum has higher recoil action than the .357 due to the heavier cartridge weight and the increased diameter of the barrel. Factors such as hand strength and stance also can affect the recoil. 357 Magnum and 44 Magnum are BY FAR the 2 most popular Magnum Ammunition Rounds. THIS video looks at the benefits of BOTH!Your support is critical to our mi...Sep 30, 2023 · A comparison of these two cartridges highlights a few noticeable differences. The .44 Magnum generally has a higher muzzle velocity, often exceeding 1,500 fps, whereas the .357 Magnum tends to max out around 1,450 fps. This, in turn, translates to greater energy transfer upon impact. 37.9gr. Max Pressure. 35,000psi. 36,000psi. The .357 Mag is a much smaller diameter bullet than its .44 Mag counterpart. While the case and overall length are similar, the .44 Mag is much wider and voluminous cartridge that can hold more powder and withstand a higher amount of pressure when the powder is ignited.The advantage runs from about 33% (.35 Rem. vs. .44 Mag.) to 88% (.30-30 vs. .357 Mag.) in favor of the true rifle cartridges. At longer ranges the advantage of the rifle cartridges is even greater. At 200 yards, for example, the 150 grain .30-30 bullet is still carrying 944 ft. lbs. of kinetic energy, while the 240 grain .44 Magnum bullet (the ...The 357 magnum and the 44 magnum are two of the most iconic rounds in American history.Jan 6, 2022 · With 9mm, we are looking at 10 to 12 inches of drop out to 100 yards and the potential for lots of wind drift. Without a doubt, the 357 Magnum kicks 9mm butt when it comes to effective range, energy on target, and wind drift. While both rounds work well for self-defense, the 357 Magnum kicks ass in the realm of hunting. The .45 Colt and .357 Magnum cartridges are both are made for Handguns.The .45 Colt cartridge has a lower muzzle than the .357 Magnum cartridge by 540 feet per second.The .45 Colt has a larger diameter than the .357 Magnum by 0.095 inches.Lastly, the .45 Colt cartridge has a shorter length than the .357 Magnum cartridge by 1 millimeters. In:4.2K. 259K views 10 months ago. I hear a lot of funny stuff about magnum calibers, especially .44 Magnum like ".44 Magnum goes through 10 walls, 10 people and …My son and I shoot my three Marlin lever actions rifles: my Model 1894 .357 Magnum, my beautiful 1894 .44 Magnum and my Model 30TK Kmart Special carbine cham...The .44 Magnum and .357 SIG cartridges are both are made for Handguns.The .44 Magnum cartridge has a higher muzzle velocity than the .357 SIG cartridge by 200 feet per second.The .44 Magnum has a larger diameter than the .357 SIG by 0.075 inches.Lastly, the .44 Magnum cartridge has a longer length than the .357 SIG …Oct 9, 2021 ... real size replica for cosplay or decoration this set contain some of the most famous cartridges like : - 357 Magnum - 44 Magnum - 50 Action ...Greatly appreciate you watching the videos!Support us on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/whoteewho500 mag water jug video here: https://youtu.be/5h6hYrnudooH...Why The .44 Magnum Is A Solid Concealed Carry Choice: Nearly double the bullet weight compared to the .357 Mag, thus potentially delivers more energy on target. With an exceptionally large diameter, creates a larger and more devastating wound canal. The larger diameter bullet doesn't preclude marksmanship but does allow a bit more …For all the bullishness out there in the market, the bears make a very strong case. After falling roughly 60% from July through March, oil prices are now up around 44% from their b...A few great guns that are chambered for .357 Magnum are: Ruger Blackhawk, Redhawk, Super Redhawk, and Super Blackhawk. These are beefy, heavy guns that are the very definition of the word ‘robust’. They’re some of the most durable and ‘I-Don’t-Give-A-S**t’ revolvers in the world and can withstand brutal use and abuse.10mm vs 44 Magnum Cartridge Comparison. There are three important things to take away when you put the 10mm and the 44 Mag side by side. The first is their bullet diameters. While the 10mm ammunition is a true 40 caliber round with a .40” diameter bullet, the 44 Mag’s bullet is nearly .03” greater in diameter.For hunting larger game and at longer distances, .44 Magnum is generally considered the better option due to its larger bullet and greater stopping power. 3. Which caliber is better for self-defense? For self-defense purposes, .357 Magnum is often preferred due to its lower recoil and faster follow-up shots. 4.Energy. Furthermore, the muzzle energy of a .357 Magnum round averages out to 530 ft-lb, while a .460 S&W Magnum round averages out to about 2100 ft-lb. One way to think about this is as such: a foot-pound is a unit of energy equal to the amount of energy required to raise a weight of one pound a distance of one foot.If you use Buffalo Bore ammo, the 44 mag and 357 mag can be stretched to 100 yards. 30-30 maybe 150 yards. Of course, you have to be able to actually hit a 4-6" plate reliably at those distances which can be difficult with buckhorn sights. The Browning BLR and Henry Long Ranger in 308 are good options for versatility.Economically, 9mm’s are more readily available and affordable. .357 Magnum. The 357 Magnum offers superior energy and velocity with heavy bullets at the expense of greater recoil. Muzzle blast is also a drawback. With a proper formulation and good powder technology, the 125- to 145-grain loads may be very efficient.It's not the first property to be offered in exchange for crypto, but it would be the priciest and most historic. A Renaissance mansion in the heart of Rome oozes Old World charm, ...44 Magnum vs 357 Magnum for Self Defense. ... I found that running the course with full power 357 mag loads thru a 3" Ruger SP101 was the worst. With a larger frame 4" revolver, this round becomes more managable. Running the course with a mild 44 special type load in a 5.5" Redhawk was tough but possible. Running it with any duty …Don't think the .357 Rem Maximum is loaded by somebody named Black Dog Ammunition at the tune of $78 to $81 per 50. $57.99 per 50 (180's only) from PCI via Graf's. And it is NOT usable in a .357 Mag revolver. It'd be a custom made firearm too. In any case, no handgun round will stop anything in its tracks.A hopped up .44 Mag. load, such as the Buffalo Bore 340-grain +P+ hard cast flat nose bullet generates a whopping 1,533 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle. Compare that to their 10mm Auto mono-metal Dangerous Game load that produces 607 foot-pounds of energy with a 190-grain bullet at 1,200 fps. By that yardstick, the 10mm …Elon Musk and Twitter's board have reached an agreement and the billionaire plans to take the social network private. Tesla CEO Elon Musk is infamous for using Twitter to tease and...The .357 Magnum is a 158 gr SJHP (Semi Jacketed ... Testing out two classic revolver loads that are old school self defense loads in .357 Magnum and .44 Magnum.Learn the differences and similarities between the 357 magnum and the 44 magnum, two of the most popular magnum handgun cartridges. Find out how they differ in physical attributes, case length, bullet weight, muzzle energy, recoil and capacity based on standard and +P+ loads.Elon Musk and Twitter's board have reached an agreement and the billionaire plans to take the social network private. Tesla CEO Elon Musk is infamous for using Twitter to tease and...I've been shooting both the 44 and 357 magnum Henry Big Boy X Model and I give my thoughts on each. I discuss initial cost, ammunition costs, features, recoi...Mar 26, 2023 · Testing some "budget" .357 and .44 magnum from Ammo Inc. How good is it for hunting or self defense? Heavy clothing ballistic gel test using Taurus 608 and T... This does however illustrate that the .44 Spl/Mag has a much larger range than .38 Spl / .357 Mag and will allow you to hunt much more effectively, while still providing “low power” loads for self defense. Disclaimer I am biased and carry a SW 329PD regularly and own a Marlin 1894 in .44. Full power .357 Magnum loads provide a snappy, more abrupt recoil sensation than does any factory load fired through the .44 Special. Neither cartridge is too intense when fired through N-Frame revolvers though. Of course revolvers of this size offer more challenges for concealed carry.Sep 3, 2019 · Don't think the .357 Rem Maximum is loaded by somebody named Black Dog Ammunition at the tune of $78 to $81 per 50. $57.99 per 50 (180's only) from PCI via Graf's. And it is NOT usable in a .357 Mag revolver. It'd be a custom made firearm too. In any case, no handgun round will stop anything in its tracks. Your preference between Halloween and Thanksgiving depends on where you are in life. If you could only celebrate one holiday, Halloween or Thanksgiving, which would you choose? A n...Mar 4, 2024 ... Hornady Custom .45 ACP+P 230 gr, .357 Magnum 158 gr and .44 Magnum 240 gr. Guns - Glock 41 (5.3"), S&W 686 (4.125") and S&W 69 (4.25")The 350 Legend is 80 percent more powerful than a .357 Magnum and is effective on deer twice as far away. Most 350 Legend bullets have a higher sectional density which means more penetration than the .357 Magnum. The 350 Legend is faster, more powerful, and can be used in more guns than the .357 Magnum. Both cartridges can be practical for ...Compare the performance, range and power of two popular magnum cartridges for hunting and shooting. Learn the history, pros and cons of each round and …The basics of .38 Special vs. .357 Magnum: Both cartridges are revolver rounds; Revolvers chambered for .357 Magnum can shoot both .38 Special and .357 Magnum cartridges; revolvers chambered for .38 Special can not shoot .357 Magnum cartridges ... This new 5-inch revolver, called the .38/44 Heavy Duty, could handle much …Feb 27, 2019 · The .41 Magnum was designed in 1964. .357 Magnum was introduced in 1934. .44 Magnum was produced in 1955. The .41 Remington Magnum is the best revolver cartridge. Period. When standard factory ammo is considered, the .41 delivers 25 percent more energy than the .357 Magnum with a wider, heavier bullet. This means it hits a target harder, makes ... About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Sep 23, 2020 ... Doing a ballistic test against to see which cartridge is best against a "dangerous animal" (unspecific) between the .357 Magnum, 10mm auto ...From full test here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfMSbZYFw0c 4" barrel S&W K-frame revolvers, full power .357 and .44 Magnum VS pumpkins.357 Maximum. If you handload then the 357 maximum in a TC Encore or Contender would be a dandy for your daughter. You could get the heavier Encore, and recoil would be very light. You could also get her a 22LR barrel for her to practice with. The best bullet for hunting (IMO) would be a cast bullet.Learn the differences between 357 Magnum and 44 Magnum, two popular revolver rounds with similar case dimensions and bullet weights. See how they compare in terms of muzzle velocity, energy, drop, and ballistic coefficient, and get tips on how to choose the best ammo for your revolver. See moreThe 357 gets more use, just because projectile costs are a tad less. Neither rifle is a precision rifle. Both are fun as hell, but in order to really enjoy it, have some deep pockets for 44 or continue with your reloading idea. The most fun I have at the range is with my suppressed 357 lever action with subsonic rounds.The SR-38 is available in blued and stainless finish with 4-inch and 6-inch barrel configurations. Blued models regardless of barrel length (SKUs SR38-357-4 and SR38-357-6) cost $481, while stainless models, again regardless of barrel length (SKU: SR38-357-4-SS and SR38-357-6-SS) cost $558. 10.534 posts · Joined 2012. #5 · Sep 13, 2016. 357 Magnum is superior to the 44 special in terms of more stopping power for self defense. The only reason the 357 Magnum is not a preferred cartridge to a semi-auto pistol is ammo capacity. Highboy.Visit our channel! http://goo.gl/Ti5cG9In this FunwiththeGun presentation. We're comparing the 357 magnum vs. the 44 magnum. We're going to test out which...This does however illustrate that the .44 Spl/Mag has a much larger range than .38 Spl / .357 Mag and will allow you to hunt much more effectively, while still providing “low power” loads for self defense. Disclaimer I am biased and carry a SW 329PD regularly and own a Marlin 1894 in .44.534 posts · Joined 2012. #5 · Sep 13, 2016. 357 Magnum is superior to the 44 special in terms of more stopping power for self defense. The only reason the 357 Magnum is not a preferred cartridge to a semi-auto pistol is ammo capacity. Highboy.Informational article on comparing the .44 Special and .357 Magnum for concealed carry and personal protection. ... .357 magnum. 180 gr JHP over 12.5 gr of WC820 clocks at about 1,013 fps for 410 foot pounds. To push it up to 747 foot pounds we would need to go to a TMJ round over 13.8 gr of VV N110 for 1,368 fps. Possible, but really hot and ...Jan 31, 2009 · 357 Maximum. If you handload then the 357 maximum in a TC Encore or Contender would be a dandy for your daughter. You could get the heavier Encore, and recoil would be very light. You could also get her a 22LR barrel for her to practice with. The best bullet for hunting (IMO) would be a cast bullet. Compare the performance, range and power of two popular magnum cartridges for hunting and shooting. Learn the history, pros and cons of each round and …Underwood ammo for both, the .357 Magnum is 158 gr@1,387 FPS/685 ft lbs energy, the .44 Magnum is a 200 gr@1,412 FPS/885 ft lbs energy. Both are Nosler semi ...The 44 Magnum has a higher muzzle energy than the 45 Colt due to its larger bullet size and higher velocity. According to Ammunition To Go, the average muzzle energy of a .44 Magnum round is about 971 foot-pounds (ft-lbs), while the average muzzle energy of a .45 Colt round is about 485 ft-lbs.10mm vs 44 Magnum Cartridge Comparison. There are three important things to take away when you put the 10mm and the 44 Mag side by side. The first is their bullet diameters. While the 10mm ammunition is a true 40 caliber round with a .40” diameter bullet, the 44 Mag’s bullet is nearly .03” greater in diameter.When looking at these two cartridges, you will generally find that the 9mm Luger has a lower price than the .357 Magnum. As of writing this article, the lowest per-round cost for the 9mm was $0.14, while the lowest per-round for the .357 Magnum was $0.27. (Both were FMJ rounds from Tula Ammo.) Velocity. As illustrated in the chart, .357 Magnum rounds - on average - achieve a velocity of about 1290 feet per second (fps) while .45 Auto ACP rounds travel at a velocity of 940 fps. To put this into perspective, a Boeing 737 commercial airliner travels at a cruising speed of 600 mph, or 880 fps. I hear a lot of funny stuff about magnum calibers, especially .44 Magnum like ".44 Magnum goes through 10 walls, 10 people and kills innocent people", or "yo...For uses other than big-game hunting, .357 Magnum carbines have other benefits which have nothing to do with ballistics. An 18″ .357 will hold 9+1 rounds, compared to the 6+1 of a .30-30 of the same length. Recoil is extremely mild even with the stoutest loads, so that the XS ghost ring sights never even leave the target.For all the bullishness out there in the market, the bears make a very strong case. After falling roughly 60% from July through March, oil prices are now up around 44% from their b...Learn the similarities and differences between these two powerful revolver rounds, and how they perform in terms of velocity, energy, accuracy, and recoil. Find out which one is better for self-defense, …Nov 18, 2023 · The diameter of a .44 Magnum cartridge is 0.43 inches (10.922 millimeters). The diameter of a .357 Magnum cartridge is 0.357 inches (9.0678 millimeters). The .44 Magnum cartridge has a larger diameter than the .357 Magnum cartridge by 0.073 inches. The overall length of a cartridge determines how deep a bullet will sit in a case. The diameter of a .357 Magnum cartridge is 0.357 inches (9.0678 millimeters). The .45-70 cartridge has a larger diameter than the .357 Magnum cartridge by 0.101 inches. The overall length of a cartridge determines how deep a bullet will sit in a case. The length of a .45-70 cartridge is 53.5mm millimeters.Learn the differences and similarities between the 357 magnum and the 44 magnum, two of the most popular magnum handgun cartridges. Find out how they differ in physical attributes, case length, bullet weight, muzzle energy, recoil and capacity based on standard and +P+ loads.357 MAGNUM vs HUMAN HEAD!! | Cowboy Guns For Self Defense??? Today we try the 357 Magnum & it was shockingly impressive!Get the new merch here! - https://1sh...Handgun Recoil Table. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; that is one of the physical laws of our universe. This means that the momentum of a handgun's reaction will exactly equal the momentum of the bullet and powder gasses ejected from the barrel. In the shooting sports we call that reaction recoil or "kick."A comparison of these two cartridges highlights a few noticeable differences. The .44 Magnum generally has a higher muzzle velocity, often exceeding 1,500 fps, whereas the .357 Magnum tends to max out around 1,450 fps. This, in turn, translates to greater energy transfer upon impact.Jul 30, 2021 ... Testing out the Remington UMC Jacketed Soft Point ammunition in .357 Magnum and .44 Magnum. The .357 Magnum is a 125 gr SJSP and the .44 ...
The .44 Magnum can pack up to 900-1000 pounds of energy upon firing, and the .45 ACP manages only 400-600 pounds. Logically, it means that the .44 Magnum has high recoil and can compromise on accuracy if you have to fire more than once. In contrast, the .45 ACP is best for firing multiple shots because of the low recoil. . Gun show in allen tx
Microsoft’s decision to reset the passwords of 44 million accounts, is actually a good thing. If your account is affected, thank Father Gates, because Microsoft is alerting you to ...I've used both a .357 and a .44 Mag (Dan Wessons) and a .41 Mag (Redhawk) and .45 Colt (S&W M25). All work quite well with proper loads. The ultimate whitetail cartridge? The .357 Maximum. The .357 Magnum peaks out with 180-185gr bullets and that's where the Maximum really gets started. None of the .40-bores can shoot as …If you use Buffalo Bore ammo, the 44 mag and 357 mag can be stretched to 100 yards. 30-30 maybe 150 yards. Of course, you have to be able to actually hit a 4-6" plate reliably at those distances which can be difficult with buckhorn sights. The Browning BLR and Henry Long Ranger in 308 are good options for versatility.357 Magnum vs 9mm Specs. Specifications 9 x 19mm 357 Magnum; Bullet Weight: 115gr to 147gr: 125gr to 180gr: Bullet Diameter.355 inches.357 inches: Case Length: 19.15mm: 33mm: ... A group of experts began doing various experiments with suped-up 38 Specials on 44 frames. This lead to tougher, higher velocity rounds that …Learn about some of the most cost-effective ways to level-up your Marriott elite status before the end of the year. We’re just over 260 days into 2022, and a member of the Marriott...Feb 2, 2024 · When it comes to lever guns and revolvers, the .357 behaves differently than the .44 Magnum. Shooting a .357 Magnum through a lever gun with a longer barrel length offers significantly less recoil than a typical .44 Magnum revolver like the renowned Ruger Super Blackhawk or the stainless steel Ruger Redhawk. This makes the .357 a potentially ... 10mm vs 44 Magnum Cartridge Comparison. There are three important things to take away when you put the 10mm and the 44 Mag side by side. The first is their bullet diameters. While the 10mm ammunition is a true 40 caliber round with a .40” diameter bullet, the 44 Mag’s bullet is nearly .03” greater in diameter.The frame and cylinder size of the .357 Magnum was increased to better handle the .44 Magnum, and in 1956, Ruger’s .44 Magnum Blackhawk arrived. The Ruger .357 Blackhawk Flat-Top introduced in 1955 had far-reaching effects. These three Ruger .357 Blackhawks were fitted with heavy bull barrels. from the .357 Maximum Ruger in lengths of 101/2 ...The .357 Magnum is a 158 gr SJHP (Semi Jacketed ... Testing out two classic revolver loads that are old school self defense loads in .357 Magnum and .44 Magnum.Testing out 10mm, .357 Magnum and .44 Magnum using loads that all have the same bullet weight and similar energy to test the difference in sectional density.... Velocity. As illustrated in the chart, .357 SIG rounds - on average - achieve a velocity of about 1380 feet per second (fps) while .44 Remington Magnum rounds travel at a velocity of 1320 fps. To put this into perspective, a Boeing 737 commercial airliner travels at a cruising speed of 600 mph, or 880 fps. Energy. Furthermore, the muzzle energy of a .357 Magnum round averages out to 530 ft-lb, while a .460 S&W Magnum round averages out to about 2100 ft-lb. One way to think about this is as such: a foot-pound is a unit of energy equal to the amount of energy required to raise a weight of one pound a distance of one foot.The .41 Remington Magnum does what its rivals do but does it better in many ways. .41 Mag. vs. .357 Mag. When standard factory ammo is considered, the .41 delivers 25 percent more energy than the .357 Magnum with a wider, heavier bullet. This means it hits a target harder, makes a wider wound cavity, and, all things equal, will penetrate as ....